Set Root Folder in Outlook 2013 and Older
Set a Root Folder
To do this, go to File, Account Settings and double click on your affected IMAP account. Click More Settings button then switch to the Advanced tab.
In the Root folder path field type Inbox. Exit the dialog and perform a send and receive. (If the Inbox is not your root folder, setting Inbox as the root won’t work, as it will hide all of the other folders.)
Click OK.
Check your inbox. If folders have not re-appeared, remove Inbox from the setting above and click on OK again. You should then see your folders.